GLP-1 medications are drugs designed to mimic or enhance the effect of the body's own hormones, particularly in people who are overweight or have type 2 diabetes. For this reason, they are also called GLP-1 analogues or GLP-1 receptor agonists. GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) is a naturally occurring hormone in the human body that is released during food intake.

GLP-1 medications can help control body weight, as they also promote a feeling of fullness and reduce appetite.

There are different types of GLP-1 medications, including injections – also referred to in the media as weight-loss shots or weight-loss drugs – that are administered daily or weekly, e.g., semaglutide, liraglutide, and tirzepatide.

Semaglutide, tirzepatide, and liraglutide are approved active ingredients used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and for weight loss. They all belong to the class of GLP-1 receptor agonists, or incretin mimetics, which imitate naturally occurring digestive hormones in the body and essentially increase insulin secretion after meals, decrease glucagon secretion, slow gastric emptying, and increase the feeling of satiety. This leads to insulin regulation, reduced food intake, and weight loss.

Despite sharing the same class, they differ in their mode of action, effectiveness, and specific areas of application.

According to the current body of research, an average weight loss of 5–15% is possible when taking medications with active ingredients such as semaglutide, liraglutide, and tirzepatide.

The extent of weight reduction achieved through weight-loss injections can vary and depends on several factors, including individual response to the medication, accompanying diet, physical activity, and general state of health.

GLP-1 medications or weight-loss injections are generally suitable for individuals who:
- Have a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or higher (obesity).
- Have a BMI of 27 or higher and simultaneously suffer from weight-related health issues, such as type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure, or dyslipidemia.
- Have difficulty losing significant weight through diet and exercise alone.
- Are prepared to combine lifestyle changes with medication to achieve long-term results.

Contrary to some media reports and depictions on social media platforms, GLP-1 medications are not designed for people who want to lose a few kilos quickly. They are prescription drugs specifically intended to support the treatment of severe obesity. It is important that these medications are viewed as a supplement to, and not a replacement for, a healthy diet and sufficient exercise.